Energy Drinks in Children: High Caffeine Exposure, Anxiety Risk, Sleep Disruption, and Public Health Concerns
Energy drinks are widely marketed to adolescents and sometimes in kid-appealing formats, yet their key active ingredient—caffeine—can pose clinically meaningful risks when consumed in childhood or early adolescence. Caffeine is a psychoactive xanthine that primarily antagonizes adenosine receptors (A1 and A2A). By blocking adenosine-mediated sleep pressure, caffeine increases neuronal firing and promotes wakefulness. It also… Read More »