Estrogen Physiology Across the Menstrual Cycle: Hormone Withdrawal, Endometrial Changes, and Clinical Implications
Estrogen physiology is central to understanding normal menstrual cyclicity and the biologic logic behind hormone-based symptom changes. Although popular discussion often focuses on “high” versus “low” estrogen, menstrual timing is governed by coordinated fluctuations in circulating estradiol and downstream effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, endometrium, and uterine bleeding dynamics. The menstrual cycle can be… Read More »