Energy Drinks and Caffeine: Health Effects, Risks, and Safe Consumption Guidelines for Adults
Energy drinks—commercial beverages marketed for alertness and performance—typically contain high concentrations of caffeine along with other stimulants (e.g., taurine, guarana) and additives (sugars or sweeteners, B-vitamins). The most clinically relevant active ingredient is caffeine, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist. By blocking adenosine, caffeine promotes neuronal firing and increases sympathetic tone, which manifests as reduced perceived… Read More »