By Trend News Line 2024-06-05 12:00:00.
Introduction
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Stenotrophomonas, a member of the Xanthomonadaceae family, has seen a rapid increase in the number of species identified in recent years due to advancements in molecular biology and identification technology. From the first species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, isolated in 1885 to 2011, 16 strains were isolated within 117 years, and 12 species were identified within 9 years from 2016 to 2024. Stenotrophomonas is found in a variety of habitats, including humans, animals, plant hosts, and extreme environments. Known for producing protective osmotic substances, these bacteria have applications in agriculture and industry as sources of biodegradation and substitutes for synthetic fungicides.
Plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, Stenotrophomonas strains interact with other microorganisms on plant surfaces and in soil through biofilms, inhibit plant pathogenic fungi and viruses, and alter the composition of rhizosphere microorganisms through enzyme decomposition and competition for iron. By inducing the enrichment of plant hormones, they help plants defend against crop pests and promote growth through various mechanisms, including nitrogen fixation and bioremediation of agricultural soil.
However, some species of the genus, such as S. maltophilia, are pathogenic to humans. Known for multi-drug resistance, S. maltophilia can cause various infections in the human body and contribute to high mortality rates. As one of the leading gram-negative, multi-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens in hospitals, S. maltophilia poses a significant clinical challenge.
Taxonomically, the genus Stenotrophomonas and S. maltophilia have seen changes due to their phenotypic and genotypic diversity. Most clinical isolates belong to the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (SMc), with a few exceptions. In a recent surveillance conducted in a district tuberculosis hospital, Stenotrophomonas was found to be a major co-occurring species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, highlighting its potential as an opportunistic pathogen.
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Materials and Methods
The strain 610A2T, isolated from a patient with pulmonary TB, underwent whole-genome sequencing using the PacBio platform. Gene prediction, genomic element identification, functional annotation, and pathogenicity analysis were conducted to evaluate the strain. Phylogenetic analysis, ANI estimation, and gene clustering were also performed to determine the strain’s relationship to other Stenotrophomonas species.
Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of the strain were examined, including growth ability on different media, temperature, pH, and NaCl concentrations. Cellular motility, morphology, carbon source utilization, enzyme production, cellular fatty acids, and MALDI-TOF analysis were also conducted. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using custom AST plates to determine the strain’s sensitivity to various drugs.
Conclusion
Stenotrophomonas is a diverse genus with both beneficial and pathogenic species. Understanding the taxonomic status, pathogenicity, and characteristics of these bacteria is crucial for clinical and agricultural applications. The thorough analysis of strain 610A2T provides valuable insights into the genetic, phenotypic, and biochemical features of this potentially pathogenic Stenotrophomonas species. Further research and surveillance are needed to fully understand the impact of these bacteria on human health and the environment..
novel pathogenic species Stenotrophomonas pigmentata sp.
genus Stenotrophomonas pigmentata.
