TMEM175 (KEL) : “TMEM Ion Channels: Properties, Structure, Roles”

By Trend News Line 2024-04-01 00:00:00.

Recently, the transmembrane (TMEM) protein family has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its diverse roles in ion transport across membranes. This group of membrane-spanning proteins, including those found in various organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, has been extensively studied and characterized. Among the 272 TMEM proteins identified, 9 have been classified as functional ion channels, playing crucial roles in maintaining membrane potential homeostasis and regulating various physiological processes.

One of the extensively studied TMEM proteins is TMEM175 (KEL), which has been identified as a constitutively active leak-like potassium channel located in lysosomal membranes. This protein mediates both potassium and proton currents, with unique properties that differ from canonical potassium channels. The structure of TMEM175 in both prokaryotic and mammalian species has been revealed, showing a homotetrameric architecture in prokaryotes and a homodimeric architecture in eukaryotes. Dysregulation of TMEM175 has been linked to Parkinson’s disease, with loss-of-function mutations affecting lysosomal pH stability and autophagy processes.

Another important TMEM protein is TMEM206 (PAC), which has been identified as a pH-activated chloride channel. This protein plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular pH and facilitating transmitter release. The electrophysiological properties and structure of TMEM206 have been extensively studied, revealing a trimeric structure with unique pH-dependent conformational changes. Dysregulation of TMEM206 has been associated with neurological disorders and cognitive decline, highlighting its significance as a potential therapeutic target.

Overall, the characterization of TMEM proteins as ion channels provides valuable insights into their physiological and pathophysiological roles in various cellular processes. Understanding the structure and function of these proteins can lead to the development of targeted therapies for diseases associated with ion channel dysfunction. Further research is needed to explore the potential of TMEM proteins as therapeutic targets and uncover novel discoveries in the field of membrane-spanning proteins..

1. Transmembrane proteins with unknown function (TMEMs) as ion channels: electrophysiological properties and structure
2. Transmembrane proteins with unknown function (TMEMs) as ion channels: pathophysiological roles and structure.