By Trend News Line 2024-03-19 14:38:00.
**Global Study Reveals Alarming Impact of Nervous System Conditions**
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A recent study published in The Lancet Neurology has shed light on the global, regional, and national health loss due to 37 nervous system conditions and their associated risk factors from 1990 to 2021. The study, conducted by a group of researchers, provides crucial insights into the burden of neurological disorders worldwide.
**Understanding Nervous System Conditions**
Nervous system conditions encompass a wide range of disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, impacting cognitive, sensory, and motor functions at different stages of life. These conditions include congenital, neurodevelopmental, cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, immunological disorders, neuromuscular conditions, traumas, and cancers. The causes, symptoms, and outcomes of these disorders vary, from manageable to life-altering or fatal.
With the increase in life expectancy, age-related neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease are becoming more prevalent. The World Health Assembly’s Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders (IGAP) aims to mitigate the impact of these conditions. More research is needed to discover new treatments, understand changing disease patterns, and develop preventive strategies for neurological disorders.
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**Insights from the Study**
The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 evaluated a wide range of conditions, from neurodevelopmental to infectious, providing a comprehensive view of neurological health loss across 204 countries. The study employed various methodologies to isolate the neurological impact of these conditions, drawing on diverse data sources such as population studies, surveys, and hospital records.
Bayesian models were used to estimate the incidence and prevalence of neurological conditions over time, adjusting for geographic, age, and sex differences. The study calculated years lived with disability (YLDs) to assess non-fatal burden and estimated years of life lost (YLLs) for conditions leading to mortality. By introducing a comorbidity correction and evaluating preventable risk factors, the study offered valuable insights into the evolving landscape of neurological health loss globally.
**Key Findings**
In 2021, an estimated 3.4 billion individuals, representing 43.1% of the global population, were living with a nervous system condition. These conditions resulted in 11.1 million deaths and generated 443 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), making them the primary contributor to global DALYs. While previously identified disorders accounted for a significant portion of neurological DALYs, newly considered conditions and those affecting children also played a substantial role.
Regionally, the burden of neurological conditions varied, with western and central sub-Saharan Africa showing the highest age-standardized DALY rates, particularly among children under five. Temporal trends from 1990 to 2021 revealed changing patterns among individual conditions, with some experiencing increases while others saw declines. The emergence of COVID-19 added a new dimension to the neurological burden, underscoring the need for ongoing research and intervention efforts.
By examining the contribution of risk factors to the neurological burden, the study highlighted the significance of factors like high blood pressure, glucose levels, smoking, and air pollution in various conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors to reduce the impact of neurological disorders globally..
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